Engineering Hub
Electrical Interconnection Systems
A practical engineering platform connecting transparent calculations, verified component data, standards, and the mechanical support work required for electrical design.
Engineering workspace
Core resources for day-to-day design decisions.
Quick access
Frequently used electrical calculations.
Recent updates
Mechanical Support
Torque Calculator
Calculate static torque from an applied force and perpendicular lever arm, with common SI and imperial unit conversions.
Typical Fastener Torque Reference
These conservative ranges are starting points for non-safety-critical assembly work, not universal tightening specifications. Final torque must follow the product specification, supplier datasheet, material-combination limits, insert or standoff specification, or applicable internal assembly standard.
| Thread Size | Typical Range (N·m) | Typical Range (cN·m) | Typical Use Case | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M2 | 0.08–0.15 | 8–15 | Small PCB mounting, miniature covers | Use the lower end for plastic bosses or delicate PCB assemblies. |
| M2.5 | 0.15–0.30 | 15–30 | PCB standoffs, small electrical assemblies | Confirm standoff and insert limits before tightening. |
| M3 | 0.25–0.50 | 25–50 | PCB/PBA mounting, covers, light brackets | Common assembly size; substrate and washer selection remain critical. |
| M4 | 0.60–1.20 | 60–120 | Sheet-metal brackets, enclosure covers | Usually unsuitable for direct PCB loading without specified hardware. |
| M5 | 1.20–2.50 | 120–250 | Equipment brackets, enclosure hardware | Verify captive nut, insert, and sheet-metal thread capacity. |
| M6 | 2.00–4.00 | 200–400 | Structural supports for small electrical equipment | Use a qualified joint specification where load or safety is relevant. |
Engineering Notes
- PCB assemblies often require lower torque than general steel fastener tables.
- Over-torque can damage PCBs, inserts, standoffs, threads, or plastic parts.
- Under-torque can cause loosening, poor grounding, or vibration issues.
- Required torque depends on screw grade, materials, lubrication, thread engagement, washers, insert type, plastic or metal substrate, and locking method.
Engineering Standards
Standards Library
Standards content will be added in future releases as verified, traceable references for electrical interconnection engineering.
Engineering standards content
Planned coverage includes UL, IEC, IPC, NASA, MIL, and ISO.
Wire sizing tool
AWG ↔ mm² Calculator
Convert American Wire Gauge to metric cross-sectional area, or find the nearest standard AWG size.
Calculator inputs
Results
Engineering Notes
- AWG values describe conductor geometry, not insulation diameter
- Metric entries return the nearest standard AWG size
Practical Guidance
Use the converted area for preliminary sizing, then verify ampacity, voltage drop, and the applicable wire specification.
AWG reference table
| AWG | Diameter (mm) | Cross-section (mm²) |
|---|---|---|
DC cable analysis
Voltage Drop Calculator
Calculate voltage drop, loop resistance, and cable power loss for a two-conductor DC copper circuit.
Cable Size Recommendation
Coming Soon
Conductor analysis
Cable Resistance Calculator
Calculate one-way conductor resistance, two-conductor loop resistance, and resistance per metre for a copper cable.
Current-carrying estimate
Wire Ampacity Calculator
Estimate the recommended continuous current for a single copper conductor installed in free air.
Cable routing
Minimum Bend Radius Calculator
Estimate the minimum routing radius and bending diameter from cable outside diameter and installation type.
Logistics and mechanical design
Cable Weight Calculator
Estimate conductor weight per metre and total conductor weight from material, cross-section, quantity, and length.
Routing and duct design
Bundle Diameter Calculator
Estimate the circularized outside diameter of a bundle made from identical round wires.
Engineering Database
Wire Database
Manage traceable manufacturer wire data for future engineering calculations. No manufacturer records are preloaded.
Wire Database is currently empty.
Import verified manufacturer data or request a wire for review.
| Actions | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engineering Database / Wire
Wire details
Engineering Database
Terminal Database
Manage traceable terminal, contact, and ferrule data with documented wire compatibility.
Terminal Database is currently empty.
Import verified manufacturer data or request a terminal for review.
| AWG Range | mm² Range | Actions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engineering Database / Terminal